India after 1947

India after 1947
Capital - New Delhi
Area - 3 287 263 Sq Km
Independence- Aug 15th 1947
Republic-Jan 26 1950
Official Language- Hindi
Currency -Indian Rupee
Government -Multi-party Democracy
Important Point - Kanchenjunga (8,598 m)
Important Cities - Mumbai,Chennai,Delhi,Bangalore,Kolkata
Major Religions- Hinduism(86%),Islam (9%),Christianity (3%) Others (2%)
Agricultural Product -Wheat ,Rice,Maize,Sorghum,Potato,Pulses,cotton
Neighbours - West - Pakistan & Afghanistan, East _Bangladesh & Burma, North-China Tibet Nepal & Bhutan
Srilanka is seperated by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar
Location
India lies to the north of the equator between 8 4 and 37 6 north latitude and 68 7 and 97 25 east longitude it is bounded on the south west by the Arabian Sea and on the south east by the Bay of Bengal .On the north ,north east and north west lie the Himalayan ranges .Kanyakumari constitutes the southern tip of Indian Peninsula Where it gets narrower and narrrower, loses itself into the indian ocean Extent India measures 3214 km from north to south and 2933 from east to west with a total area of 3,287,263 sq km.It has a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline of 7516.5km.Andaman & Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea are parts of India
Land Marks of Indian Heritage.
India Gate,Delhi- is a war memorial erected to honour the 90,000 Indian soldiers who died in the World War I
Red Fort Delhi-Built by Shahjahan in 17th C .It remained a seat of Mughal power till the mutiny of 1857.
Bahai Temple,Delhi- This Architectural wonder built in 1986, is a Lotus shaped comprising ofone huge hall meant for meditation.
Golden Temple,Punjab.or the Hari Mandir-built in the 16 th Century ,is the holiest of all Sikh Shrines.Its dome is said to be made of 100 kilograms of pure gold.
Charminar ,Hyderabad-This unique monument of four minarets was built to commemorate the cessation of the epidemic-plague-in the city of Hyderabad in 1591.It stood as a gateway leading to palace.
Taj Mahal,Agra-This magnificient structure in flawless, sparkling white marble was built in 18 yearsby Emperor Shahjehan to immortalize his love for his wife Mumtaz Mahal
Ajanta Caves ,Maharashtra-Set in the Sahyadri Hills ,the rock cut Ajanta Caves depict the death of the buddha lying in the bed.
Qutub Minar,Delhi-This Tower was built by the slave king Qutb-ud-din Aibak in the 13th Century.

Father Of Nation- Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi ( Mahatma Gandhi)
National Emblem - Lion Capital of Asoka
The State Emblem was adopted by The Government of India on Jan 26 ,1950 from the Sarnath lion Capital of AshokaThe caption Satyameva Jayathe inscribred in Devnagri at the bottom means 'Truth alone Triumphs'. It has been sourced from the Mundaka Upanishad.
National Flag -Tricolour
The Indian National flag is Tricolour with safron band at the top,white in the middle and dark green at the bottom.Safron means valour,White for peace,green for prosperity.The navy blue wheel in the centre of the white band signifies the wheel of law(Dharma )The wheel has been
taken from the Asokan Capital at Sarnath.The design of the national flag was adopted by The constituent assembly of India on July 22,1947
National Bird - Peacock
The regal blue breasted bird with fan shaped crest and beautiful long feathers is India's national bird .The bird is protected under the Indian Wild life (Protection)Act 1972.
National Animal - Tiger
This Ferocious darked striped tiger is India's national animal
National Flower - Lotus
Lotus in full bloom has symbolised Indian culture since times immemorial.
National Anthem - Jana Gana Mana
Ravindranath Tagore's Bengali Composition Jana Gana Mana's Hindi version was adopted as national anthem by the constituent assembly on Jan 24, 1950.
National Song - Vandemataram
Bankim Chandra Chatterji's Sanskrit Composition Vande Mataram is our national Song
States -capital - Area (sq.km)-
Andra Pradesh -Hyderabad - 275,045
Arunachal pradesh - Itanagar - 83,743
Assam - Dispur -78,438
Bihar - Patna -94,163
Chhattisgarh - Rajpur - 135,191
Goa - Panaji - 3,702
Gujarat - Gandhinagar -196,024
Harayana - Chandhinagar - 44,212
Himachal pradesh - Shimala - 55,673
Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar -222,236
Jharkhand- Ranchi -79,714
Karnataka- Banglore - 191,791
Kerala -Thiruvananthapuram -38,863
Madhaya Pradesh - Bhopal - 308,000
Maharashtra- Mumbai -307,713
Manipur -Imphal - 22,327
Meghalaya- Shillong - 22,429
Mizoram- Aizwal - 20,987
Nagaland - Kohima - 16,579
Orrissa - Bhubaneshwar -155,707
Punjab- Chandhingar - 50,362
Rajasthan - Jaipur - 342,239
Sikkim - Gangtok- 7,096
Tamil Nadu-Chennai -130,058
Tripura - Agarthala - 10,492
Uttaranchal -Dehra Dun-53,483
Uttar Pradesh-Lucknow -240,888
West Bengal - Kolkata - 88,752
National Capital Territory
Delhi - Delhi - 1,483
Union Territories
Andaman & Nicobar - Port Blair - 8,249Chandigarh - Chandigarh-114Dadra and Nagar Haveli- Silvassa - 491Lakshadweep -Kavarathi- 32Pondicherry -Pondicherry-480
Presidents of India
Dr.Rajendra Prasad - 1950-1962
Dr.Sarvepalli Radakrishanan- 1962-1967
Dr.Zakir Husain - 1967-1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri (Acting)- 1969
Justice Mohamed Hidayatullah (Acting)-1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri-1969-1974
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed-1974-1977
B.D Jatti (Acting)- 1977
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy-1977-1982
Giani Zail Singh-1982-1987
R.Venkataraman-1987-1992
Dr.Shankar Dayal Sharma- 1992-1997
K.R Narayanan- 1997-2002
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam - 2002 - 2007
Pratibha Patil - 25 July 2007
Vice-Presidents of india
Dr.Sarvepalli Radakrishnan-1952-1962
Dr.Zakir Husain - 1962-1967
Varahagiri Venkata Giri -1967-1969
Gopal SWarup Pathak- 1969-1974
B.D Jatti - 1974-1979
Mohammed Hidayatullah - 1979-1984
R.Venkataraman - 1984-1987
Dr.Sankar Dayal Sharama - 1987-1992
K.R Narayanan - 1992-1997
Krisan Kant - 1997-2002
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 2002-2007
Mohammad Hamid Ansari 2007
1 Dr Rajendra Prasad 26 January 1950- 13 May 1962
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1952 election page & 1957 election page
Prasad was the first President of independent India.He was also an independence activist of the Indian Independence Movement.Prasad was the only president to serve for two terms in office.
2 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13 May 1962- 13 May 1967
Zakir Hussain 1962 election page
Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a Knight of the Realm and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University.He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI.
3 Zakir Hussain 13 May 1967 -3 May 1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1967 election page
Hussain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and BharatRatna.He died before his term of office was ended.
4.Varahagiri Venkata Giri * 3 May 1969 -20 July 1969 Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain. He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.
[5] Muhammad Hidayatullah * 20 July 1969 24 August 1969 Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India,and was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire. He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India. 4 Varahagiri Venkata Giri 24 August 1969 24 August 1974 Gopal Swarup Pathak 1969 election pageGiri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient
of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri
Lanka).[15] 5 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 24 August 1974 11 February 1977 Basappa Danappa Jatti 1974 election pageFakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term
of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.[16] Basappa Danappa Jatti * 11 February 1977 25 July 1977 Jatti was the vice president of India during
Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as
the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.[16][17] 6 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 25 July 1977 25 July 1982 Muhammad Hidayatullah 1977 election pageN.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament
from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.[18] He was unanimously elected Speaker of the
Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of
India. 7 Giani Zail Singh 25 July 1982 25 July 1987 Ramaswamy Venkataraman 1982 election pageIn March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home
Minister.[19] 8 Ramaswamy Venkataraman 25 July 1987 25 July 1992 Shankar Dayal Sharma 1987 election pageIn 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the India's independence
movement.[20] After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member
of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as
Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.[21] 9 Shankar Dayal Sharma 25 July 1992 25 July 1997 Kocheril Raman Narayanan 1992 election pageSharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also
served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra.[22] 10 Kocheril Raman Narayanan 25 July 1997 25 July 2002 Krishan Kant 1997 election pageNarayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He
received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.[23] He was also
the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University.[24] 11 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 25 July 2002 25 July 2007 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 2002 election pageKalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear
weapons programs.[25] Kalam also received the Bharat Ratna. 12 Pratibha Patil 25 July 2007 Incumbent Mohammad Hamid Ansari 2007 election pagePatil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of
Rajasthan.[26][27]
Prime Ministers of India
Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda (Acting) 1964
Lal Bahadur shastri 1964-1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda (Acting) 1966
Indira Gandhi 1966-1977
Morarji Desai 1977-1979
Charan Singh 1979-1980
Indira Gandhi 1980-1984
Rajiv Gandhi 1984-1989
Vishwanath Prathap Singh 1989-1990
Chandrasekhar 1990-1991
P V Narasimha Rao 1991-1996
Atal Bhihari Vajpayee 16-05-1996 - 28-05-1996
H D Devagauda 1996-1997
Inder Kumar Gujral 1997-1998
AB Vajpayee 1999-2004
Dr Manmohan Singh 2004- 2009.
Dr Manmohan Singh (2009-Lok Sabha terms ends by 2014)

From Jawaharlal Nehru to Manmohan Singh, here is the list of Indian Prime Ministers from 1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964)
Buzz up!Nehru is the first Prime Minister of Independent India. He also holds the record for continuously being in the office for the longest period (Aug 15, 1947 to May 27, 1964) about 17 years.
Gulzari Lal Nanda A (1964-1964)
Gandhian to the core, was interim Prime Minister on two occasions after the sudden demise of Pt. Nehru
(from may 27, 1964 to June 9, 1964), for 14 days, and again after the sudden demise of Lal Bahadur Shastri
(from January 11 to 24, 1966), again for a period of 14 days.
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1965-1966)
Though he came to power under the shadow cast of the ever-famous Pt. Nehru, he quickly won the hearts of all Indians, especially after routing Pakistan in the 1965 war. Indian still reverbrates with his slogan 'Jai Jawan ! Jai Kisan !'. He held office for 582 days, from June 9, 1964 to January 11, 1966.
Indira Gandhi (1966-1984)
The Iron lady of India held office from Jan. 24, 1966 to March 24, 1977 and again from Jan. 14 to Oct. 31,1984, for a total of 5,831 days, just 300 days short of her father, Pt. Nehru. Abolition of privy purse, nationalization of banks, birth of Bangladesh are some of her achievements.
Morarji Desai (1977-1979)
The first non-congress Prime Minister since Independence, Morarji Desai headed the Janata Party Government for 857 days, from March 24, 1977 to July 28, 1979. He was one of those rare Gandhians.
Charan Singh (1979-1980)
Known as a 'kisan' Prime Minister from Uttar Pradesh, he never faced Parliament, even though he was in office for 171 days, from July 28, 1979 to Jan. 14, 1980. Within days of assuming office, one of the supporting parties withdrew its support, after which he continued as caretaker P.M , till fresh elections were held.
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)
The youngest Prime Minister of India so far. Rajiv the grand son of Pt. Nehru assumed office at the age of 41, the day his mother Indira Gandhi was assassinated (Oct. 31,1984). In the 1985 elections, he led his party to a big win and continued as PM till Dec 1,1989, when his party lost the hustings.
VP Singh (1989-1990)
VP Singh a Janata Dal leader became Prime Minister on Dec. 2,1989 and continued till Nov. 10, 1990 (344 days). He took a major decision in implementing the Mandal Commission recommendations.
Chandra Shekar (1990-1991)
Known as the 'Young Turk' became Prime Minister on Nov. 10,1990 and continued till June 21, 1991 (224 days).
PV Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)
The first ever leader from South to hold this office, he ruled for full five years, from June 21, 1991 to May 10, 1996 (1, 785 days), despite a hung Parliament, initially.
AB Vajpayee (1996)
Vajpayee is the first 'bachelor' Prime Minister of India. He was at the helm for 16 days from May 16 to June 1, 1996, creating a record for the shortest stint in office.
HD Deve Gowda (1997)
The second Government of the 11th Lok Sabha was headed by Haradanahalli Dodde Deve Gowda, who was in office from June 1, 1996 to April 21, 1997 (for roughly 11 months).
IK Gujral (1997)
Inder Kumar Gujral became Prime Minister on April 21, 1997. He resigned office on Nov. 28. 1997.
AB Vajpayee (1999-2004)
He assumed charge for the second time on Mar 19, 1998. He took the oath on Oct 13, 1999 after General Election. He submitted resignation on May 13, 2004.
Dr Manmohan Singh (2004-2009)
Former Finance Minister and a globally renowned economist Dr Manmohan Singh completed five years term as PM of India. He assumed charge on May 22, 2004 and resigned on May 18 2009.
Dr Manmohan Singh (2009-Lok Sabha terms ends by 2014)
Manmohan Singh was sworn-in as the Prime Minister of India for the second consecutive term. He is the first PM to retain the post for the second consecutive term after Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the India's first Prime Minister.
Speakers of Lokha Sabha
Ganesh Vasudeo Mavlankar- 1952-1956
M Ananthasayanam Ayengar-1956-1962
Sardar Hukum Singh -1962-1967
Neelam Sanjeevareddy-1967-1969
Jurudhayal Singh Dhillon-1969-1975
Bali Ram Bhagat -1976-1977
Neelam Sanjeevareddy -1977
Kawdoor Sadananda Hegde- 1977-1979
Bhalram Jhakar -1980-1989
Rabbi Ray -1989-1991
Shivaraj Patel -1991-1996
P A Sangma- 1996-1998G
M C Bhalyogi- 1998-
Manohar Joshi-
Somanath Chatterjee
Meira Kumar
Chief Justices
Harilal J Kania - 1950-1951
M Patanjalai Sastri - 1951-1954
Mehar Chand Mahal-1954-1954
B K Mukherjee -1954-1956
S R Das - 1956-1959
Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha -1959-1964
P B Gajendragadkar - 1964-1966
A K Sarkar -1966K Subba Rao -1966-1967
K N Wanchoo -1967-1968
M Hidayathullah - 1968-1970
J C Shah - 1970-1971
S M Sikri - 1971-1973
A N Ray - 1973-1977
M H Baig -1977-1978
Y V Chandrachhud- 1978-1985
P N Bhagava- 1986-1989
E S Venkataramiah -1989
Sabyasachi Mukherjee- 1990-1991
K N Singh- 1991-1991
M H Kania - 1991-1992
Lalit Mohan Sharma - 1992-1993
Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachalliah -1993-1994
Aziz Mushabber Ahmedi- 1994-1997
Jagdish sharan Varma - 1997-1998
M M Punchhi - 1998
Adarsh Sein Anand -1998-
S P Bharuchal
B N Kirpal
G B Pattanaik
V N Khare
S Rajendra Babu
R C Lahoti
Y K Sabharawal
Chief Election Commissioners
Sukumar Sen 1950-1958
K V K Sundaram 1958-1967
S P Sen Varma 1967-1972
Dr. Nagendra Singh 1972-1973
T Swaminathan 1973-1977
S L Shakdhar 1977-1982
R K Trivedi 1982-1985
R V S Perisashthri 1985-1990
Smt. V S Ramadevi 1990
T N Sheshan 1990-1996
M S gill 1996-2001
J.M.Lingdoh 2001-2004
T.S.Krishnamurthy 2004-05
B.B.Tandon 2005
Festivals of India
Pongal Sankaranthi - ( Tamil nadu , Andra Pradesh ,Karnataka )
Vasanta Panchami - ( all over India )
Thirumalai Nayak or The floating festival ( Madurai)
Shivathri - ( All over India)
Id-UL-zaha (Bakr -Id) - ( All over India)
Gangaur - ( Udaipur, Jaipur)
Holy- ( Mainly North India)
Muharram - ( All over India)
Spring Festival - ( All over India)
Baisakhi -( Punjab)
Pooram - ( Thrissur -Kerala )
Meenakshi Kalyanam - ( Madurai )
Radhayathra - ( Orrissa)
Naag panchami - ( mainly in N.India)
Teej - ( Rajasthan)
Onam- ( Kerala )
Rakshabandhan (Rakhi) - ( N.& W India)
Amarnath Pilgrimage -( Kashmir)
Janmashtami - ( Mumbai , Madurai, Agra )
Ganesh Chaturthi - ( Maharashtra )
Dussehra/Ramlila/Durgapooja/Navarathri- ( All over India )
Diwali - ( All over India )
Gurupurab - ( North India )
Id -Ul-Fitr/Ramzan-Id-( All over India )
Christmas - ( All over India )
Kumbha mela - ( Nasik,Ujjain,Haridwar,Allahabad)
Khajuraho Dance Festival - ( Madhya Pradesh )
Ellora Festival - ( Mumbai)