Inventions and discoveries

Inventions and discoveries `

Scientific inventions and discoveries are important because they lead to the creation of mechanisms and artifacts which improve or easen our living conditions . Invention and discoveries come out sometimes by accident but mostly by design . Most of the discoveries in the 20th century were the results of the purposeful investigations and experiments .All these inventions are turned out to be quite beneficial in peacetime. Rocketry and Missiles opened the way for space explorations and the epochal landing of the man on the moon .Atomic power is now being harnessed for peace time uses .Radar and sonar have been helpful in number of ways . Invention today is tied to industrial methods and production .A distinguished feature of 20th century research is the fact that it represent systematized invention : it is largely devoted to technological research ,discovery ,and innovation .In order to accomplish this ,many persons many persons are brought together to form a wide array of disciplines to form the research team ,each member contributing his own specialized knowledge .At the same time, modern research embodies a new methodology based on the systematic application of science to technology .Thus the long line of inventions that started in the prehistoric past appears to be continuing.
Invention - Inventor - Country- Year

Adding Machine - Wilhelm Schickard- Germany- 1623

Aeroplane - Orville & Wilbur Wright-U S A- 1903

Airship(nonrigid)- Henri Giffard- France -1852

Aerosol Spray - Erik Rotheim- Norway - 1926

Airship (rigid)- G F von Zeppelin- Germany-1900

Artificial Heart- William Kolff -Netherlands-1957

Atomic Bomb -J.Robert Oppenheimer- U S A-1945

Automatic Rifle- John Browning - U S A-1918

Bakelite -Leo H Baekeland- Belgium- 1907

Ballistic missile- Wernhervon Braun- Germany-1944

Balloon - Jacques & Joseph Montgolfier-France- 1783

Ball –Point Pen -John J Loud- U S A- 1888

Barometer- Evangelista Torricelli- Italy-1644

Battery(Electric)- Alessandro Volta - Italy- 1800

Bicycle - Kirkpatrick Macmillan - Britian - 1839

Bolt action rifle - P.von Mauser - Germany-1889

Car (steam)- Nicolas Cugnot France-1769

Car (Petrol) - Karl Benz Germany- 1888-

Carpet Sweeper- Melville R Bissel- USA-1876

Cash Register-James Ritty- USA- 1879

Cellophane- Dr.Brandenberger- Switzerland-1908

Celluloid -Alexander Parkes- Britain -1861

Cement- Joseph Aspdin-Britain- 1824

Chronometer-John Harrison - Britain - 1735

Cinema - Nicolas &Jean Lumiere- France- 1895

Clock(Mechanical) -I-Hspng &Liang Ling-Tsan - China -1725

Clock (Pendulum)- Christian Hugyans- Netherlands - 1656

CompactDisk player - Sony ,Philips Co- Japan, Netherlands-1979

Cross word Puzzle - Arthur Wynne- USA- 1913

Dental Plate-Anthony A Plantson- USA- 1817

Dental Plate( Rubber)- Charles Good Year- USA-1855

Diesel Engine-Rudolph Diesel- Germany - 1895

Disk Brake- Dr. F . Lanchester- Britain - 1902

Dynamo- Hypolite Pixie-France -1832

Electric Flat Iron- H W Seeley- USA- 1882

Electric Furnace- William Siemens - Britain- 1861

Electric Lamp-Thomas Alwa Edison- USA- 1879

Electric motor(DC) - Zonobe Gramme- Belgium- 1873

Eectric motor(AC)- Nikola Tesia- USA- 1888

Electric iron- Henry W Seely- USA- 1882

Electric Washing Machine-Alva J Fisher-USA- 1906

Electro Magnet-William Sturgeon -Britain- 1824

Electro Plating-Luigi Brugnatelli- Italy- 1805

Electro Computer- Dr.Alan M Turing- Britain- 1824

Film ( moving outlines)-Louis Prince- France- 1885

Film (talking)-J Engl ; J Mussolle &H.vogt- Germany- 1922

Film (musical sound)-Dr Le de Forest- USA- 1923

Frequency modulation -FM E H ARm Strong - USA -1933

Frisbee- Fred Morrisson - USA - 1948

Frozen Food-Clarence Birdseye - USA-1924

Fountain Pen-Lewis E Waterman- USA- 1884

Galvanometer- Anre Maria Ampere- France- 1834

Gaslighting - William Mardock- Britain - 1792

Glassware- Egypt & Mesopotamia- 1500BC

Glider- George Claylay- Britain - 1853

Gramaphone- Thomas Alwa Edison-USA- 1878

Guided missile- Wernher von Broun - Germany- 1942

Helicopter-Etienne Oehmichen - France - 1924

Holography - Denis Gason - Britain- 1947

Hover craft - Christopher Cockkerrel- Britain-1955

Hydrogen Bomb- Edward Teller - USA- 1952

Jet Engine-Sir.Frank Whitle- Britain-1937

Kodak Camera- George East Man- USA -1888

Laser -T H Maimah - USA - 1960

Lift (Mechanical)- Filsha G Otis - USA- 1852

Lightning Conductor -Benjamin Franklin-USA- 1752

Linotype- O Margenthaler - USA-1883

Locomotive- Richard Trevithick- Britain - 1804

Loom Power - E Cartwright - Britain-1785

Loud Speaker- Horace Short- Britain - 1900

Machine Gun - James Puccle - Britain -1718

Magnetic Recording -TApe Fritz Pfleumer- Germany-1928

Maps - Sumeria- Clay Tablets of River Euphrates- C.3800 BC

Margraine- Happolyte M Mouries- France- 1869

Match safety - John walker - Britain- 1826

Microphone - Alexandedr Graham Bell- USA- 1876

Micro Processor- Robert Noyce Gordon Moor - USA- 1971

Micro Scope - Z Janssen - Netherlands- 1590

Micro Wave Oven-Percy Lebaron Spencer- USA - 1947

Motor Cycle - G Daimler of Canstatt - Germany- 1885

Movie Projector -Thomas Edison - USA - 1893

Neon Lamp- Georges Claude - France- 1910

Neutron Bomb- Samuel Cohen - USA - 1958

Nylon - Dr.Wallace H Carothers - USA - 1937

Optical Fibre - Narinder Kapany - Germany- 1955

Paper - China - AD 105

Parking Meter - Carlton C Maggee- USA - 1935

Parallel Computing-Seymour Cray & David Gelertes- USA-1979

Pasteurization - Louis Pasteur - France- 1867

Pencil-Jacques- Nicolas Conte- France -1792

Photoelectric Cell - Julius Elster,Hans F Geitel-Germany- 1893

Photography(on Metal) - J N Niepce- France- 1826

Photography(on Paper) - W H Fox Talbot- Britain - 1835

Photography(on film) - john Carbutt - USA -1888

Pogo stick -George B Hansburg-USA- 1921

PottersWheel - Asia Minor - 6500BC

Pop up Toaster-Charles Stright- USA - 1927

Printing Press-Johann Guttenburg- Germany- C 1455

Proppeller - Fransis Smith- Britain - 1837

Radar - AH Taylor&Leo C Young - USA- 1922

Radio Telegraphy - Dr.Mahlon Loomis- USA- 1864

Rayon - Sir Joseph Swan- Britain- 1883

Razor - Col.Jacob Schick - USA- 1931

Record - Dr. Peter Goldmark - USA- 1948

Refrigerator- James Harrison, Alexander- USA - 1850

Rollerblades- Scott & Brenna Olsen -USA- 1980

Rubber(latex form)- Dunlop Rubber Co- Britain -1928

Rubber (Tyres)-Thomas Hancock- Britain- 1846

Rubber (Water proof)-Charles Macintosh- Britain- 1823

Rubik Cube - Prof.Emo Rubik- Hungary-1975

Safety Pin- Walter Hunt- USA - 1849

Safety Razor - king Camp Gillette- USA- 1903

Scotch Tape - Richard Drew- USA- 1930

Self Starter - Charles F kettering- USA - 1911

Ship (steam)-J C Perier- France -1775

Silk Manufacture - China - 50 B C

Skateboard - Bill & Mark Richards- USA- 1958

Skyscraper - W.Le Baron Jenny -USA - 1882

Slide Rule -William Oughtred - Britain - 1621

Slinky Spring - Richard James- USA - 1946

Spectacles - Venice- 1289

Spinning Frame -Richard Awkwright- Britain- 1769

Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves- Britian - 1764

Spinning Mule -Samuel Crompton -Britain -1779

Steam Engine - Thomas Savery -Britain - 1698

Steam Engine(condenser)- James Watt - Britain -1765

Steel- Harry Brearley- Britain- 1913

Submarine - Davis Bush Nell - USA-1776

Super Computer- J N Van Tassel - USA- 1976

Swiss army Knife - Karl Elsener- Switzerland - 1891

Tank - Sir.Ernest D Swington - Britain-1914

Teddy Bear- Margaratte Steiff - Germany - 1903

Telegraph-M Lammomd - France -1787

Telescope- Hans Lippershey- Netherlands -1608

Television - John Logie Baird-Britain -1926

Teryene -J R Whinfield- Britain- 1941

Transformer - Michael Faraday -Britain - 1831

Transistor - Bardeen ,Shockley- USA-1948

Transister Radio- Sony- Japan -1955

Video Tape- Charles Ginsberg -USA- 1956

Velcro - Georges De Mestral -Switzerland - 1948

Washing Machine - Hurley Machine Co - USA -1907

Watch - Bartholomew Manfredi- Italy -1462

Water Closet- Harrington - Britain - 1589

Welder - Elisha Thomson - USA- 1877

Windmill - Persian Corn Grinding- C 600

Wireless - G Macroni - Italy -1896

Writing - Sumerian Civilization - 3500B C

X-ray - Wlihelm K Roentengen-Germany -1895

Yo-Yo - Donald F Duncan - USA - 1929

Zip Fastener - W L Judson - USA - 1891